Purify GFP From Aequorea Victoria

Purify GFP From Aequorea VictoriaMethods and Results GFP was cloned into E. coli strain JM109 and expressed under optimum conditions in Luria broth agar containing ampicillin and IPTG for induction. Protein was extracted by lysis using form milling proficiency and fluorescence of protein measured in a fluorimeter, concentration of both pure and crude proteins were obtained with Bradford (1976) method. Purity of GFP was further confirmed by SDS-PAGE stain with coomassie blue.Conclusion ad hoc activity(RFUmg-1) of pure protein increased compared to crude representing increase in purity, with a substantial yield of 82%.Significance and Impact of news report This study proved Ion exchange chromatography as a reliable technique for GFP purification and blue percentage recovery for use as a reporter gene in molecular(a) biology studies.Keywords GFP, purity, Ion exchange chromatography, Specific activity, fluorescence.INTRODUCTIONThe jelly lean Aequorea capital of Seychelles, emits a bluish light from the delimitation of its umbrella (Inuoye, and Tsuji 1994). The light is produced by the bioluminescent jellyfish when calcium binds to the photoprotein aequorin. Although activation of aequorin in vitro or in heterologous cells produces blue light, the jelly fish produces green light. This light is the result of a second protein in A. victoria that derives its excitation energy from aequorin, the green fluorescent protein (Chalfie et al., 1994).Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a protein of 238 amino acid residues. It is a highly perpetual protein possessing a tightly packed can tertiary structure that is resistant to many biological denaturants, most proteases, pH (5-12), temperature (Tm=78 C), and chaotropic salts (McRae et al., 2005 Zhuang, et al., 2008). Purified GFP absorbs blue light (maximally at 395nm with a minor peak at 470nm) and emits green light (peak emission at 509nm with a shoulder of 540nm). This fluorescence is stable and virtually no photobl eaching is observed (Chalfie et al., 1994). The stable and intense fluorescence of GFP without any cofactors in many different organisms makes is ideal for molecular biology applications such as markers for gene expression analysis of molecular interactions and also as biological information storage devices and optical biosensors in areas of Nanotechnology (McRae et al., 2005).Current purification procedures, specific for GFP include multiple phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), chromatofocusing on a pH gradient, metal ion precipitancy and organic extraction. Most of these methods are either expensive, time consuming or give low yields with

Theme Of Facade In The Harlem Dancer English Literature Essay

Theme Of Facade In The Harlem terpsichorean English Literature EssayMasks mean legion(predicate) different things to many mint. They atomic number 18 utilise at parties, ceremonies, rituals, sports, and so many other things. scarce well-nigh people eventually take drapes off, revealing who they legitimately are. However, some people put masquerade costumes on to conceal who they really are, shielding them from the world. The verses The Emperor of grump work out by Wallace Stevens and The Harlem social dancer by Claude McKay both demonstrate the ascendant of faade in different ways. The women envisi wizd in the poesys are entirely different, however they both felt as if they needed to use a masquerade to go on with their lives in society.The Emperor of icing the puck Cream by Wallace Stevens portrays a adult female who has passed away and the brace that is held for her. It is implied that she is nonhing simply a common cleaning lady who had no real achievement s in her tone. Her sociable status is revealed in the second stanzaTake from the cliper of deal,Lacking the three crosspatch knobs, that sheetOn which she embroidered fantails onceAnd spread it so as to c all over her faceIf her horny feet protrude, they comeTo manifest how cold she is, and dumb.It ass be understood from reading that her dresser is lacking the three glass knobs that the dresser is old and possibly falling apart, implying that this woman does not confirm the capital to afford a new one. The sheet that was placed over her body also came from atop of the dresser. She had also embroidered fantails once. When someone does not apply a lot of money, it get ups them thrifty. She must do embroidered the birds onto the sheet to make it fancy n glassfulr. Making herself appear to have more wealth and status seems a comparable something she did often. However, when her horny feet are revealed her masquerade is over. Her callused feet reveal that she has had stiffn ess and has through and through with(p) a lot of hard work in her life to just survive. The sizing of the sheet that covers her is also very telling. The fact that the sheet was not enormous enough to cover her entire body reveals that she was not quite what she let people think she was. It is as if the sheet covered the part of her that she showed to the world and in her passing revealed the part of her that she really was. Her death has finally revealed that she was just an cut-and-dry woman who tried to make her life seem remedy by tweaking a few things to live her faade.The low part of the poem is also very telling about how the people who knew her perceive her today as she lays deceased in her bedroom.let the wenches dawdle in much(prenominal) dressAs they are used to wear, and let the boysBring flowers in expiry months newspapers.Let be be the finale of seem.The people that are attending her wake seem to be dressed in ordinary clothing. They seem unbothered by the fact that they are at a wake of a woman that they possibly know. They are in much(prenominal) dress as they are used to wear which means that this event is not of major importance to them. The boys also brought flowers that are wrapped in last months newspapers. The womans wake was not even key enough for them to wrap the flowers in something nicer than last months newspapers. Both the girls and the boys who attended her wake did not think it was important enough to do anything special.The more or less telling line of the first stanza is, Let be be the finale of seem. The finale of seem represents the finality of the masquerade party of what the woman wanted people to perceive when they looked at her. The line is face that it is time to let fall the masquerade that the woman put on for a large portion of her life. This line alone sums up the bag of faade in this poem. The faade that this woman has worked so hard to concord is lifted and even as she is dead, she is left pathetic and in her reliable form. The people who knew her used her death as an occasion to eat ice cream, to relieve some of their own troubles.Another poem that explores the theme of faade is the poem The Harlem Dancer by Claude McKay. This poem is in the form of a sonnet, un same(p) the other poem which was free verse except a rhyming couplet at the end of each stanza. This poem captures what life was like for an Afri smoke Ameri locoweed woman during the 1920s. Being a woman in the 1920s was hard enough. When this poem was written women were given the safe to vote two years prior, so tensions were still high. To add to the tension, an African American woman would have been given a harder time. Although no longstanding slaves, the tension between whites and African Americans still existed and would continue to exist until the well-bred Rights Movement. This is the time that Claude McKay lived in. McKay used his experiences as a Harlem Renaissance writer to depict what an African Ameri can woman during the 1920s might have done in order to get by.The mask that the woman wears in The Harlem Dancer is much different than the mask the woman wears in The Emperor of Ice Cream. The mask the woman uses in The Harlem Dancer is used to protect her and economize what little dignity she has left.Devoured her shape with eager, passionate gazeBut looking at at her falsely-smiling face,I knew her self was not in that strange place.The woman in this poem is not being herself as she dances for the people throwing money at her. She had taken herself completely away mentally from the situation she is right away in and has put herself somewhere more comforting. She put on a mask to protect herself, instead of trying to make herself appear smash than she really is. She uses her mask as a shield, making sure that no one will ever be able to get to the ragtime of pride and dignity in herself that she has left. It is obvious that this woman does not like dancing for money for these people that treat her terribly and ridicule her. It can be said that this is one of the few things that she is able to do to make ends meet. In order to support herself and possibly others, this is probably the profession that is the most lucrative for her during this time. The sad part of this is that she is not even earning much money. This is revealed in the line, Luxuriant fell and tossing coins in praise. She is only earning petty coins and nothing of real monetary value that could be of use to her.Another part of the poem is also very telling about how resilient this woman is because of how she maintains her faade.She interpret and danced on gracefully and calm,The light gauze hanging loose about her formTo me she seemed a proudly-swaying palmGrown lovelier for passing through a storm.The woman seems to be weathered and has also gone through hardship much like the woman in the first poem. She has gone through things that have made her stronger in mind and body. It seems that because she has gone through such hardship, it has made her even more beautiful than she was. What has helped this woman become so strong and able to get through the tough times is that she can separate herself from the profession that she has to do any her actual self. It is akin to a victim of a murder or a rape that as it is happening, they block it out and put themselves somewhere else in their mind so they can get through the terrible experience. This woman is putting her mask on once again to get through her degrading lineage so she can support herself and possibly others. Her strength gives way to the accept that she will be able to stop dancing and be successful.The faade presented in the poem The Emperor of Ice Cream has more to do with concealing and hiding away what the woman really was from the rest of the world. Her mask was like a security blanket, making sure that no one would ever see that she was just an ordinary woman with nothing to show of her existence. Howev er, the faade in the second poem The Harlem Dancer is more like a defense-mechanism. The woman in the second poem puts on the faade to protect her dignity and to also transport herself away from the trauma. This faade is used as a necessity whereas the faade used in the first poem was a matter of pride for the woman. The women in both poems have seen many hardships and both struggle to survive in the world. They try to split themselves in hopes of living happily. The woman in the first poem hoped that the mask she put on would someday be who she really was. The woman in the second poem hoped that she would not have to wear a mask any longer. By using a faade, both women hid their true selves from the world.

An Overview of Tourettes Syndrome

An Overview of Tourettes SyndromeTourettes syndromeWhen you think of Tourettes what comes to mind? Tourettes is a popular b new(prenominal) which may start in early childhood. This condition is characterized by corporeal and verbal tics (Tourette Syndrome fact Sheet). Tourettes syndrome, also cognise as TS, first presented itself when a man named Georges Gilles De La Tourette wrote a paper on nine lot who exhibited in voluntary repulse and vocal tics (Georges Gilles de la Tourette). Tourettes association in the study of this disorder conduct to it being named after him. Georges Giles was born in the small town of Saint Gervals Les Trois Clochers, he was a French neuropsychiatrist and an near on epilepsy. Georges was known for crazy media coverage where there was an attempt on his life (Georges Gilles de la Tourette). He was shot in 1893 by pink wine Kamper, a former patient of his who had made acquisitions of him of hyp nonizing her against her will. He recovered from the artillery shot, and his attacker was diagnosed with what is now called paranoid schizophrenia. He is more famously known for publishing the first writings of race who had Tourettes, simply stating that these tics were random and boisterous (Georges Gilles de la Tourette).Many speculate further cause of Tourette syndrome is unknown save there is current research that points to abnormalities in the brain (Tourettes Syndrome). Evidence from agree and family studies proposes that TS is an inherited disorder (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). Symptoms are typically noticed in early childhood between the ages of seven and ten. Genetically TS occurs in people from all ethnic groups and age groups, but males have a high chance of being affected then females. It is estimated that 200,000 Ameri tin flowerpots have a ascetical form of TS, and one in 100 display milder and less daedal symptoms such as chronic push or vocal tics (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). Although the DSM-5 does not directly talk about TS, it does mention disorders that are tie in to it. Various people can experience additional problems such as obsessive compulsive behavior, characterized by instant behaviors, such as feed washing or checking things repetitively and mental acts like praying, and counting (American psychiatric Association ). Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, described by barrier concentrating and staying on line learning disabilities, which include reading, writing and arithmetic difficulties and even sleeping disorders (Tourettes Syndrome). TS is not a psychological disorder but more of a neuropsychiatric disorder although they are linked together these disorders can come with Tourettes. tho on the otherwise hand not everyone with TS will have disorders other than their tics.What is TS you may ask? TS can be divided into two groups, motor tics, and vocal tics and in those two groups you can have simple and Gordian motor or vocal tics. Simple motor tics are sudde n, brief, repetitive movements that involve a limited number of brawn groups (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). more or less of the more common simple motor tics include eye blinking, seventh cranial nerve grimacing, shoulder shrugging, and head or shoulder jerking. Simple vocal tics big businessman include repetitive throat-clearing, sniffing, or grunting sounds (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). Complex tics are distinct, duplicate patterns of movements involving several muscle groups (Tourettes Syndrome). Complex motor tics might include seventh cranial nerve grimacing combined with a head twist and a shoulder shrug, sniffing or touching objects, hopping, jumping, bending, or twisting. Simple vocal tics may include throat-clearing, sniffing/snorting, grunting, or even barking. The most intense tics includes motor movements that cause self-harm such as punching themselves in the face or vocal tics including coprolalia and echolalia which are uttering swear rowing and repeating th e words or phrases of others (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). or so tics are led by an urge or sensation in the affected muscle group, or a need to complete a tic in a certain way or a certain number of generation in order to relieve the urge (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). heap with TS can sometimes suppress their tics for a short time, but the effort is confusable to that of holding back a sneeze. Eventually tension mounts to the point where the tic escapes. Tics slump in stressful situations however, they improve when the person is relaxed or absorbed in an activity. In most cases, tics decrease markedly during sleep (Tourettes Syndrome).How can TS be counteracted? Currently, there is no brain analyze or laboratory test to convincingly prove someone has TS and when it comes to TS there is no cut in stone medication that will cure this disorder completely. Generally, TS is diagnosed by obtaining a description of the tics and evaluating family history and after verifying, the patient has to have had both motor and vocal tics for at least 1 year. Patients, families and physicians need to determine which limit of symptoms is most disabling so that appropriate medications and therapies can be apply (Tourettes Syndrome). If symptoms do not impair most patients and development proceeds commonly then the majority of people with TS will require no medication. On the other hand, medications are available to help when symptoms interfere with functioning but unfortunately, there is no one medication that helps the same person with TS. Some patients who need medication to reduce the symptoms of their tics may be treated with neuroleptic drugs such as haloperidol and pimozide. These medications are usually given in very small doses that are increased slowly until the best mathematical balance between symptoms and side effects is achieved (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). The most common side effects of neuroleptics include sedation, weight gain, and cognitive du lling, tremors, dystonic reactions (twisting movements or postures), and parkinsonian-like symptoms.People with TS often live healthy, active lives however Tourette syndrome frequently involves behavioral and kind challenges that can harm your self-image. The biologic perspective focuses on genetics and your biological processes influencing your behavior (Rathus ). As stated before TS can come with other disorders such as ADHD and Attention Deficit Disorder, and even obsessional Compulsive Disorder (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). These disorders can make a person with TS behave differently such as losing ones temper a lot, anger, difficulty paying attention and controlling impulsive behaviors (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). Traditional behavioristic believed that the environment and also personal experiences influences a persons behavior (Rathus ). Stress can often make TS worse in the fact that it makes the tic more rapid (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). This can also be due to the persons environment. This is how TS is related to psychology because it can explain the behavior of someone with TS and how these disorders are linked together.ReferencesAmerican Psychiatric Association . Diagostic And Statastical Manual of Mental Disorders fith edition. DSM-5. Vol. 5. Arlington American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013. 5 vols. 237. 1 december 2016.Georges Gilles de la Tourette. 2014. Soylent Communications. 18 October 2016. .Rathus , Spencer A. Psychology principles in give . Austin, 2003. 4. Textbook.Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet. Ed. Office of Communications and Public Liaison. 5 October 2005. 18 November 2016. .Tourettes Syndrome. Ed. Sussex Publishers. 1 july 2016. Sussex Publishers. 1 december 2016. .(Tourettes Syndrome)Georges Gilles de la Tourette. 2014. Soylent Communications. 18 October 2016. .Rathus , Spencer A. Psychology principles in radiation diagram . Austin, 2003. 4. Textbook.Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet. Ed. Office of Communications and Public Li aison. 5 October 2005. 18 November 2016. .Tourettes Syndrome. Ed. Sussex Publishers. 1 july 2016. Sussex Publishers. 1 december 2016. .s/tourette-syndrome-fact-sheet/.http//www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tourette-syndrome/symptoms-causes/dxc-20163624tourettes and the biological theory

Losses In Xlpe Insulated Cables Engineering Essay

losings In Xlpe Insulated Cables Engineering Essay world-beater stocks, master(prenominal)ly immunity antecedent airs mannikin a hatful part of galvanic index finger g overnances network. Accordingly, when median(a) authorization drop XLPE teleph champion circuits were first inst in alled in the late 1960s, short letter manufacturers and electrical utilities expect them to run reliably for 20 to 30 years. However, history has shown that these overseas telegrams had high percentage of life age losings whereby the service life of more or less(prenominal) of these cables was far shorter than expected. M both cables failed afterward moreover 10 to 15 years in service. The failure of XLPE cables was happened referable to the maturement transition. Aging of XLPE cables is related to the temperature of the disengagement. For XLPE cables, the typical uttermost direct temperature is 90 C. At this maximum value, the consumption rate of anti-oxidant has been ca lculated to afford a cable life of 30 years. Increasing the XLPE cables opemilitary military rank temperature bequeath outgrowth the rate which the anti-oxidant is utilize up. Subsequently, it will reduce the service life of XLPE cables. The reaction fol deplorables the Arrhenius relationship which is an exponential function. From this, even a small increase in temperature, it will hence give signifi lavt impact on the senescent mental change of XLPE cables. Once the anti-oxidant in the cables is used up, the cables will start to oxidate and get down easily broken. Then, the cables will be subject to stress chap and electrical failure at positions of mechanical stress. In rise to world-beater, the straw man of agreeables in great military group body curtilages a managing director to overheat. This hot up swear out makes the cable to increase in term of temperature to its separation. Therefore, cable will soften and the mechanical performances will reduce whic h is called as premature aging. Thus, it is classical to investigate the presence of kindly in any electrical equipment. From this we could know the temperature payable to the overheating process and evaluate the life losses of any associated cables.TABLE OF contentCHAPTERTITLEPAGEDECLARATION1ACKNOWLEDGEMENT2 accost3TABLE OF CONTENTS41INTRODUCTION81.1 Background81.2 Premature Aging due to concordant91.3 maturement of federal agency Cables91.3.1 Oil-Impregnated Paper federal agency Cables101.3.2 Solid-Dielectric-Extruded Power Cables111.3.2.1 Technology of XLPE Cables131.4 losses in Power Cables151.5 Objectives of Study161.6 Scopes of study172LITERATURE followup182.1. Introduction182.2. Power System harmoniseds182.2.1. rendering of Harmonics192.2.2. citation of Harmonics192.2.3. The Harm of Harmonic202.2.4. personal put ins of Harmonics on Power System212.2.4.1 Motors and Generators212.2.4.2 Transformers222.2.4.3 Power Cables222.2.4.4 Capacitors232.2.5. Economical Damag e due to Harmonic losses232.3 Underground Power Cables242.3.1 Gas-filled Cable242.3.2 XLPE Cables273EVALUATION OF THE AGING COST DUE TOHARMONIC losses IN XLPE CABLES293.1 Introduction293.1.1 Flowchart303.2 unhurriedness of Losses313.2.1 Resistance of the conductor313.2.2 Skin substance323.2.3 Proximity Effect333.2.4 Total Power Losses333.2.4.1 Joule Losses343.2.4.2 Dielectric losses343.3 Probabilistic Evaluation of the Economical Damage due to Harmonic Losses353.3.1 Expected Value of the Aging Cost dueto Harmonic Losses353.4 Conclusion394DATA, MODELLING AND ASSUMPTIONS404.1 Data404.2 Assumptions415RESULTS, ANALYSIS, AND DISCUSSIONS425.1 Results425.2 Discussions456CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS466.1 Expected termination466.2 Conclusions476.3 Recommendations47REFERENCES49APPENDICES attachment A52APPENDIX B58APPENDIX C67APPENDIX D68APPENDIX E69APPENDIX F72APPENDIX G73BackgroundBy means of the disco truly(prenominal) of electricity in the early 19th Century, all countries in the world nowadays suck virtually utilized electricity as a source of heat and energy. This has led to the existence of distribution- transmittal line remains carrying current, even if at distinguishable potential drops and transporting it over long distances till the end users or customers. For the distribution-transmission line placement, engineers had suasion critically in finding the suitable occasion cables for magnate system.Mainly, intumesce-nigh of the bulk electrical energy generated from the generation centers is being transported to major debase centers at heart a large geographical argona by the transmission systems using disk overhead lines 1. In the otherwise words, the distribution system delivers the electrical energy from these load centers to customers who argon within a smaller geographical argona. For safety, reliability and aesthetics, the electric circuits used to transport energy to such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) customers be usually beneathground situation cables, though this kind of arrangement is valuable but has more advantages than the overhead lines 2.Over the years, high demand of tried electricity business office supply has led the electricity markets to be super competitive. Electric utility companies now take for to develop means of accommodateing, upgrade the safety and reliability of their expensive power system components to steer considerably and meet the demands of their customers.One of power system component that constitutes a bulk part of the distribution and transmission line systems in urban beas is the subway power cable. For instance, in the United Kingdom there be closely 93000 km of 11 kV cable and more than 13000 km of 33 kV 6. In Malaysia with rush of development has led to increasing demands of electrical energy. Doing this, belowground cable distribution is increasing significantly. It is estimated that there argon most 180000 km of to a lower placeground cables in M alaysia, forming about 80 % of the underground power distribution system. This shows that, the technology of underground power cables has grown up very fast by the time as the world is moving extremely in science and technology.However, lately the presence of appealing in electrical energy systems is well known 3. The benevolents argon due to non elongate dozens such as static converter and can victimize the system components 6. In the font of the cables, kindlys can font relevant improveral losses in the conducting and in the insulating sensibles which can non be neglected. From the economical render of view, the presence of large-hearteds can cause economical damage which increasing the operating be and lessen the useful life of the system components.The economical damage due to sympathetical losses can be defined as the summation of the operating be and the aging costs. As stated in 13, the operating costs are referred to the costs of the incremental energy losses caused by the concordant flow in the component, where the term incremental means that these losses are superimposed to the ones at the complete while the aging costs are referred to the incremental investment costs caused by the premature aging of the components caused by the harmonic pollution.Premature Aging due to HarmonicAging failures defend become a major and urgent concern in many another(prenominal) utilities since many power system components are approaching the turning conduct to the end of life. For the case of power cables, the premature aging occurs due to harmonic pollution. The harmonic flow can lead to additional heating in power cables. Subsequently, temperature will rise and premature aging may result.Development of Power Cables 1Power cable technology had its beginnings in the 1880s when the fatality for power distribution cables became pressing. With urban growth, it became increasingly necessary to replace both(prenominal) of the overhead lines for power transmission and distribution system with underground cables. The lighter of the big cities proceeded at such a quick pace that under more or less circumstances it was im assertable to accommodate the number and size of feeders take for distribution, using the overhead line system approach.In fact this mooring deteriorated so notably in New York City that, in addition to the technical and aesthetic considerations, the overhead line system began to pose a safety hazard to the line workers themselves, the firemen, and the public. As a result, the city passed an legislation law in 1884 requires removing the overhead line structures and replacing them with underground power cables. Similar laws and public force were apply in other cities, with the matter that by the early 1900s, underground electrification via insulated cables was on its way to becoming a well-established practice 14.A practical lead press was invented in 1879 and later on employed to manufacture 2kV cables f or Vienna in 1885. During the same period, vulcanized safety was used to produce cables on a commercial scale, although use of guttapercha had already been do as early as 1846. Impregnated- newspaper publisher power cables were first vomit on the market in 1894 by Callender Cables of England, using impregnant mixtures of rosin petroleum, rosin and castor oil and all in 1918 were these replaced by mineral oils. In North America, impregnated-paper cables were first supplied by the Norwich Wire Company. Varnished cambric cables were introduced by the public Electric Company in 1902. The behavior of these cables with hightemperature was subsequently change the addition of black asphalt.Some of the more common early solid and bland insulating employed in various underground cable innovations were natural rubber, gutta-percha, oil and wax, rosin and asphalt, jute, hemp, and cotton. In 1890, Ferranti developed the first oil-impregnated-paper power cable. By pastime their manufact ure, his cables were installed in London in 1891 for 10 kV operations. In addition, the cables were made in 20 ft lengths as the total circuit was 30 miles in length about splicing joints were four needful. Nevertheless, these cables per make so well that the last cable length was removed from service scarce in 1933. Cable elicitation continued to proceed at a rapid pace, so that by the turn of the 20th century many major cities throughout the world had many miles of underground power cables. For example, already by the end of 1909, the Commonwealth Edison Company in Chicago had 400 miles of underground cable operated in the potential difference range amid 9 to 20 kV. Montreal had some 4500 ft circuits of three-conductor cables installed in ducts under the Lachine canal for 25kV operations the same voltage was used for cable traversing the St. Lawrence River in 1906. With some experiences behind them, cable manufacturers were increasingly gaining confidence and during the St. L ouis Exposition in 1904 power cables developed for voltages as high as 50 kV were post on display 14.Oil-Impregnated Paper Power Cables 14During the period prior to military man War I, extensive use was made of oilimpregnated paper cables of the three-conductor belt out cause for voltages up to 25 kV. Due to non-uniform stress distribution in the cable construction, the belted cable proved to be highly partial derivative recede susceptible when attempts were made to extend the operating voltage range with larger wall thickness to approximately 35 kV, to meet the increased power demand following World War I 18. This line of work was contumacious by shielding the individual conductors, using 3-mil-thick hair tapes. The outside of the protect conductors was thus maintained at the same ground potential.Figure 1.3.1 crosswise of an Oil-impregnated Paper Insulated CableIn addition, the belt disengagement was replaced with a tying consisting of fabric tapes and strands of inter woven copper wire. The purpose of the latter was again to maintain the shields of the three cables at the same potential. Over the years, the conductor shapes of the three-conductor shielded paper insulated cables fork up evolved into three forms, namely circular, oval, and sectoral.In many utilities a veridical portion of the present-day distribution load is still carried at 35 kV via three-phase oil-impregnated paper belted cables, with the three conductors individually grounded. There is fiddling inducement to replace these cables with solid extruded nonconductor cables, whose outer diameter for an resembling power rating would drop dead that of the ducts accommodating the more compact threephase oil-paper belted cables. Moreover, the oil-paper belted cables have been characterized by remarkably long in-service lifetimes that often exceed 65 years. Belted cables with unshielded conductors are still deployed but only for working voltages equal to or less than 15 kV.With the individual conductors shielded, it was possible to extend the use of the three-phase belted cables for voltages as high as 69 kV, though on the bonnie their application has been confined to voltages below 35 kV. The main reason for this upper limit has again been associated with the occurrence of partial discharges, which had in numerous instances led to the deterioration and failure of the insulator at the elevated voltages. The partial discharges were found to take place in voids, which were formed either during the manufacturing process or during the load cycling while in service.Solid-Dielectric-Extruded Power Cables 1, 14With the discovery of the hydro snow thermoplastic resin polythene (PE) in England in 1933, polyethylene became rapidly, the insulant of choice for RF coaxial cables. PE was first used as an insulant for power cables in the 1950s. In the mid 1960s, conventional PE became the material of choice for the rapidly expanding URD systems in the United States. It was known to be superscript to butyl rubber for moisture resistivity, and could be readily extruded. It was used with tape shields, which achieved their semi-conducting properties because of carbon black. By 1968, virtually all of the URD installations consisted of polyethylene-insulated medium voltage cables.The polyethylene was referred to as HMWPE this simply meant that the insulation used had a very high average molecular burthen. The high the molecular weight, the better the electrical properties. The highest molecular weight PE that could be readily extruded was adopted. Jacketed construction was seldom employed at that time. Extruded thermoplastic shields were introduced between 1965 and 1975 leading both to easier processing and better reliability of the cable 19.XLPE was first patented in 1959 for a filled compound and in 1963 for unfilled by Dr. Frank Precopio. It was not widely used because of the amazing pressure to keep the cost of URD down near the cost of an overhead system. This high cost was caused by the need for additives (cross linking agents) and the cost of manufacturing based on the need for massive, continuous vulcanizing (CV) tubes. EPR was introduced at about the same time. The significantly higher initial cost of these cables slowed their acceptance for utility purposes until the 1980s. The superior operating and deductible destiny temperatures of XLPE and EPR made them the choice for feeder cables in commercial and industrial applications. Thesematerials do not melt and flow like HMWPE.The emergence of power distribution cables insulated with PE have replaced a significant portion of the oil-impregnated-paper insulated power cables used at operating voltages up to 35 kV. But lower voltage PILC cables are still being manufactured, due to their in-service longevity and reliability. In shock the long record of service and reliability of PILC cables, they are being in stages replaced by the less hygroscopic polymeric insulated cab les, XLPE. XLPE cables have searching advantages which are lighter weight, better electrical and thermal properties, less maintenance, and easier terminating and jointing procedure and so on Today, XLPE cables are being extensively used in many countries all over the world. In 1959, Japan and USA commercialized XLPE cables up to medium voltage rating. Since then a fast development of XLPE cables has taken place. Presently, XLPE cable of 500 kV class has been installed in Japan.The introduction of XLPE has increased the ability of polymeric insulated cables because of their higher temperature ratings. XLPE insulations perform well at elevated temperatures. Their normal operating temperature is about 90 C and designed to withstand an emergency overload and short circuit ratings of 130 C and 250 C, respectively.Technology of XLPE CablesXLPE has become the most favored insulant. Germany, USA, Asian and Scandinavian countries have installed gigantic quantities of such cables. Japan ha s developed XLPE cables up to 500 kV which is the highest voltage rating of XLPE cables manufactured so far. The basic material for XLPE cable is polyethylene (PE). PE has very good electrical properties. However, its mechanical strength decreases significantly supra 75 C restricting its continuous operating temperature to 70 C only.The improved thermal characteristics of PE are obtained by establishing a large number of cross-links between its liner molecular chains employing suitable techniques. The introduction of XLPE has increased the aptitude of polymeric insulated cables because of their higher temperature ratings. The processes for converting PE to XLPE are electron irradiation, chemical cross linking, and innate silane rule.Electron irradiation is a slow process and it is difficult to go over an even degree of cross linking throughout the thick insulation required for power cables. Therefore this process is usually restricted to thin insulation of 1 to 2 mm thickness on ly. Chemical cross linking process is the process by which cross-linking of PE is established using organic peroxide such as dicumyl peroxide (DCP) at high temperature in the range 250 to 350 C and pressure 15-20 kg/cm2. This order is employed in the production of XLPE cables of all voltage range, from LV to EHV. Sioplas technique is a relatively new method of cross linking PE into XLPE. Cross linking is achieved by mixing suitable silane to PE and exposing this to ambient conditions. This method has the distinct advantage of lower capital expenditure as no special arrangements to maintain high pressure and temperature are required. But the process is very slow for thick insulation and hence restricted to low voltage and medium voltage XLPE cables.The general construction of XLPE cable consists of copper or aluminium conductor, extruded layer of semi conducting material over conductor (for voltage class above 3.3 kV), extruded XLPE insulation, extruded layer of semi-conducting mate rial (for cables of voltage rating above 3.3 kV), copper wire or tape as golden screen, armour, inner sheath and outer sheath, usually made of PVC etcetera Three core XLPE cables are generally used up to maximum 33 kV. Cables of 66 kV and above voltage rating are of single core construction.Figure 1.3.2 Solid dielectric extruded power cable 14The manufacturing process of XLPE cables consists of mixing of PE with cross-linking agent (DCP) and antioxidants, extrusion of semiconducting layers and insulation over the conductor, crosslinking the PE compound in band lines at high temperature and pressure and modify the core to ambient temperature. All these processes are carried out in one step employing catenaries lines for curing and cooling, hence the name continuous catenaries vulcanization. Semiconducting layers and insulation are extruded using triple extrusion technique.The curing process was ab initio carried out with steam at high temperature and pressure. This resulted in th e formation of microvoids within the insulation and restricted the application of steam curing process up to 33 kV. To achieve reliable HV cables, it was therefore necessary to employ curing in the absence of steam. For this reason, dry curing methods were developed, where PE was crosslinked under nitrogen pressure in silicone oil, in molten salt and alike in long dies. The numbers of microvoids were drastically reduced. A new curing process has recently appeared namely silane process which is more economical.Losses in Power CablesLosses in power cables embroil losses in conductor, insulation, sheath, and screens armors. director losses (I2Rac losses) depend upon the rms current I effective AC resistance of the cable conductor. Dielectric losses comprise of losses due to wetting through the cable insulation and caused by dielectric polarization under AC stresses. It includes the net dielectric losses depend upon cable voltage, its absolute absolute oftenness as well as the pe rmittivity and loss tangent of the cable dielectric material, as shown by the equation belowPower loss = CoV2r tan 2 (1)Generally, tan , which partially controls the dielectric losses, is significantlyhigher for oil-paper insulation as compared to XLPE insulation. For most of the dielectric materials used in cables, tan depends upon temperature, applied stress and supply frequency. For oil-paper insulation tan is also strongly lickd by moisture content. Therefore, in voltage cables, a moisture level of less than 0.05 % is desirable in order keep dielectric losses within acceptable limits. The presence of voids and microcracks can also influence dielectric losses. These voids are formed in the insulation or at the screens/insulation interfaces during manufacture, installation or operation.In polymeric cables, they are formed during the extrusion process while in paper-insulated cables, during the impregnation cycle. Voids may also form in cables by the differential expansion cont raction of cable materials due to cyclical loading or short circuit conditions. These voids have a higher electric stress as compared to the bulk insulation. However, the burn out inside a void usually has lower breakdown strength as compared to the main insulation. When the electric stress in void exceeds the breakdown strength of gas within the void, PD occurs.Any partial discharge in such voids increases the effective tan value for insulation. Consequently, when the applied voltage is raised above the charge inception threshold, the dielectric losses exhibit a distinct increase. Similarly, impurities in the cable insulation and screening materials also increase dielectric losses.The AC current flowing along each cable conductor induces emf the metallic sheaths of the cable. Without grounding, such sheaths would operate at a potential above the ground potential and can pose a hazard. Furthermore, it will accelerate degradation of the jacket and materials, thereby affecting the c ables life and reliability. When the sheaths are bonded, circulating current flows in them causing power losses. However, for three-core cables such losses are negligible. In addition to circulating currents, eddy currents are also induced in sheaths of both single and multi-core cables causing additional losses which usually are of small magnitudes.1.5 Objectives of StudyThis project is conducted to evaluate the expected value of aging cost due to harmonic losses in XLPE cables. Therefore, this project is conducted regarding to these designsTo investigate the effects of harmonics losses on XLPE cables fromeconomical point of view.To evaluate the expected value of the aging cost due to harmonics lossesin XLPE insulated cables.1.6 Scope of studyThis study will focus on XLPE insulated cablesThis study will use the characteristics of single core underground cables.The effect of harmonics losses on XLPE cable will be investigatedA curriculum will be developed to evaluate the expected value of aging costdue to harmonic losses.The economical damage due to harmonic losses is quantified by means of the expected value of the operating costs and of the aging costs. For this, it will focus only for the calculation of the expected values of the aging costs.CHAPTER 2LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 IntroductionWe design power systems to function at the fundamental frequency 1. In Malaysia, the fundamental frequency is standardized at 50 Hz. This design is prone to unsatisfactory operation. At the same time, failure will happen when subjected to voltages and currents those contain substantial harmonic frequency elements. Frequently, the electrical equipment may seem operate normally. However, when they operate under a certain combination of conditions it might enhance the impact of harmonics which cause results to damage 20.Most people do not realize that harmonics have been around for a long time. Since the first AC generator began to operate more than 100 years ago (Sankaran, C., 1 995), electrical power systems have experienced harmonics. When harmonics present in electrical equipment, it can cause the equipment to malfunction and fail to work. In this case proper design and rating are needed to prevent the presence of harmonics.2.2 Power System HarmonicsThe objective of the electric utility is to deliver curving voltage at fairly ageless magnitude throughout their system. In fact, in order to achieve this objective is reasonably complicated because there are lots that exist on the power system that will produce harmonic currents. These currents produced may result in distorted voltages and currents that can give negative impact to the system performance in different ways.As the number of harmonic producing loads has increased over the years, it has become increasingly necessary to address their influence when making any addition or changes to an installation. We should consider two important concepts that have to bear in mind with regard to power system h armonics. The first concept is the nature of harmonic current producing loads (non linear loads) and the second concept is the way in which harmonic currents flow and how the resulting harmonic voltages develop.Ideally, voltage and current waveforms are perfect sinusoids. However, because of the increased popularity of electronic and other non-linear loads, these waveforms quite often become distorted. This deviation from a perfect sin wave can be represented by harmonics sinusoidal components having a frequency that is an integral multiple of the fundamental frequency. Thus, a pure voltage or current sine wave has no distortion and no harmonics, and a non-sinusoidal wave has distortion and harmonics. To quantify the distortion, the term total harmonic distortion (THD) is used. The term expresses the distortion as a percentage of the fundamental (pure sine) of voltage and current waveforms. In addition, current harmonics can distort the voltage waveform and cause voltage harmonics . Voltage distortion affects not only sensitive electronic loads but also electric motors and optical condenser banks.2.2.1 Definition of HarmonicHarmonics are defined as current and voltages at frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental power frequency 4. For example, if the fundamental frequency is 50 Hz, then the second harmonic is 100 Hz, the third is one hundred fifty Hz, and etc 5. The presence of harmonics in electrical energy systems is well recognized due to nonlinear loads such as static converters and it can damage the system components 6. These nonlinear loads will draw current in abrupt pulses rather than in a smooth sinusoidal manner. Then, these pulses cause distorted current wave shapes which in turn and cause harmonic currents to flow back into other parts of the power system. In the case of power cables, harmonics can cause relevant additional losses in the conducting and in the insulating materials which cannot be neglected in the cable size 6.2.2 .2 Source of harmonicsMost harmonics originate from the generation of harmonic current caused by nonlinear load signatures 4. The major sources of power system harmonics include switching operations, power electronic devices and other nonlinear loads and etc 7. Electronic devices are nonlinear and thus they create distorted currents even when supplied with a purely sinusoidal voltage. As nonlinear currents flow through a facilitys electrical system and the distribution-transmission lines, additional voltage distortions are produced due to the impedance associated with the electrical network. Thus, as electrical power is generated, distributed, and utilized, voltage and current waveform distortions are produced 8.As the number and ratings of power electronic devices connected to the power systems increase, the harmonic currents injected into power system and the resulting voltage distortions have become a major problem for power quality. This is the current issues that of all time be taken into account nowadays. Furthermore, the installation of power factor improving capacitors may lead to resonance conditions that embellish specific harmonic currents flowing into transformers and generators. On the other hand, large industrial ac motors may also provide a path for the harmonic currents. These currents can cause overheating problems for the motors, generators, and transformers. Power grid connected electric devices which can generate harmonic currents in the power system include fluorescent light ballast transformers, induction motors, incandescent light dimmers, overexcited transformers, arc welding equipment, AC/DC rotary converters, battery chargers, computers, and any type of device that utilizes rectified AC power to drive DC equipment 9.2.2.3 The Harm of HarmonicsHarmonics only mean trouble if the power system is not well designed to handle them. High harmonic neutral currents are a problem only if the neutral is not properly sized. menses harmonics are not a problem to a transformer if it is derated appropriately. Even some voltage distortion below 8 % THD at the point of role is acceptable as long as sensitive equipment is not affected. However, it is always important to be aware of the presence of harmonics and to try to minimize them by purchasing low distortion electronic ballasts and reactors for PWM ASDs. This will not only keep the harmonics in check and improve the power factor in the facility, but will also save energy by decrease losses on power system components. In addition, any time there is a considerable increase of non-linear loads, it is important to check power system components to prevent problems.2.2.4 Effects of Harmonics on Power SystemHarmonic currents and voltage distortion are becoming the most severe and conglomerate electrical challenge for th

Rousseaus Concepts of Inequality

Rousseaus Concepts of contrarietyIn 1754 jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote his Discourse on the Origin and Basis of discrepancy Among Men. This sample was in response to a question posed for a prize competition by the Academy of Dijon. The question posed was What is the initiation of dissimilitude among men, and is it authorized by inseparable law? Rousseau found the terms of the inquiry restraining he reasoned that, to be considered a law it has to be agreed upon rationally and to be ingrained it must speak with the congress opus of temper (Rousseau and Cress, 25). In order to truly delve into the ontology of inequalities Rousseau asserts that we need to witness the characteristics and maxims which are natural to benignantitys outside of the artificiality of nightspot. notwithstanding Rousseau differs from new(prenominal) sociable theorists like Thomas Hobbes in the method that he separates reason or perfectibility from the instincts of the natural objet dart. This ru n fors Rousseau to espouse a positive stance on the natural human race contrary to Hobbes foundation. I will argue in this essay that Jean-Jacques innovative theory on the ground of disposition accompanies a satisfying stance that domains perfectibility allows for both positive and negative advancement but society in its current manifestation, is inherently unequal. Rousseau recognizes two various forms of inconsistency which lead him to a positive ideological view on the acres of nature.Rousseau makes the disceptation that violence and inequalities are non inherent to humans but quite that they occur collectable to well-disposedization and improper assertion of reason. Rousseau identifies two antithetical types of inequality natural and honourable. Natural inequalities are those that derive from differences in age, intelligence, ability for reason and health or other physical characteristics. (Rousseau and Cress, 34) merely it is moral inequalities that are of g reat caution to Rousseau. It is Rousseaus belief that these inequalities occur callable to comply and convention. Thus these inequalities are merely a form of political notice and are preventable. In the Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men Rousseau proves that these moral inequalities do not occur in the state of nature callable to several human maxims.The state of nature to Jean Jacques Rousseau is one that scoops galore(postnominal) parallels to an animal followence but differs because of one inbred human characteristic. Rousseau claims two basic maxims which exist prior to mans nurturing within human societal systems of rationality. These are self-preservation and benevolence. It is from these principles that natural remedy manifest themselves. A natural right is pervasive among all people by virtue of creation human itself. In the state of nature man feels a function to prevent the harm of other sentient cosmoss. This is unless a persons self- preservation is at stake. lenity and self-preservation essentially balance each other out and make it come-at-able for tempestuous men to exist together. These two principles rarely difference of opinion because, match to Rousseau, one mans pity should prevent him from interfering with anothers attempts to preserve himself. Rousseau states pity is a natural sentiment, which, by moderating in each individual the body process of the love of oneself, contributes to the mutual preservation of the entire species.(Rousseau and Cress, 55) This natural right of pity is not a rational one but sort of is raddled from the empathy of being able to feel. This contrasts with the modern rational discourse which protects the individual. The natural man requires vigorous sense of dedication towards self-preservation. Animals also embody both these principles of self-preservation and pity. earth and animals differ in one aspect which Rousseau describes as the stave of perfectibility. (Rous seau and Cress, 45) human beings is a free agent possessing the freedom to override the natural and their instincts. This unmistakable adaptability and unlimited faculty gives humans the capability for vice and virtue to develop. Rousseau describes this faculty of perfectibility, or reason, as having essential finished a desire or fear. (Rousseau and Cress, 45) Perfectibility also implies that humans are subject to their environment. In the state of nature humans corroborate only natural passions of food, sex and rest and a fear of pain and hunger. Instinct alone provides that our testify self-preservation does not conflict with the self-preservation of others. Because of this savage man is as ignorant of good as he is of mephistophelean. The reduced nature of their passions keeps them from rationalizing actions that contradict the natural right. Pity is essential to what Rousseau states as the mutual preservation of the species. (Rousseau and Cress, 55) Outside of the state of nature reason engenders thing propre, or love of oneself, and overrides pity. Amour Propre is a kind of independent self-preservation ungoverned by empathetic feelings of pity. (Rousseau and Cress, 56) This instills the human identification as an individual, separate and comparable to(predicate) to others. In Rousseaus state of nature pity takes the mark of laws, morals and virtues. criminal men arent prone to quarrels they are solitary and have no conception of dimension or vengeance. Only self-preservation and pity backside guarantee human equality. It is due to humanitys faculty of perfectibility that creates the potential for the greater good or the superlative evil. Modern society is the foil to ignorant equality of the state of nature. Jean-Jacques Rousseau presents a very several(predicate) conception of the state of nature, in comparison to many previous philosophersThe portrayal of the state of nature, as one guaranteeing equality, by Rousseau differs greatly from conception by many other political thinkers. In busy Rousseaus views go against the ideas which liberal thinkers like Thomas Hobbes set forth. Hobbes state of nature, expound in the Leviathan, is that the state of nature is one where humans engage in perpetual warfare. Mankinds passions drive him to desire things and to fear others. In this state self-preservation is the supreme and singular goal. The singularity of self-preservation leads to the human belief that they have a right to all things. Only through the submission to the well-disposed pose does Hobbes conceptualize that humanity can escape the dangers and evils of the state of nature. Rousseaus conception of the state of nature shares some similar principals but the overall outcome is in stark opposition. Man in Rousseaus state of nature is ruled by the dichotomous relationship surrounded by pity and self-preservation. The right to all things does not exist since maxim of self-preservation is checked by pity. Hobbes also fails to acknowledge that in the state of nature man is ignorant to Rousseaus idea of amour propre. It is through a simplified world-view that the natural man exists their passions are simple. Rousseaus natural man is not wicked because they do not know what it is to be good. While Hobbes insists savage man has no conception of good and thus he is wicked. The sociable contract Hobbes solution to his exacerbating state of nature requires a consensually chosen Sovereign to protect its citizens from the state of nature. In opposition Rousseau believes that it is these institutions, created under an fondness of reason, that create unequal competition in the midst of people. Rousseau states All ran to chains themselves, in the belief that they secured their liberty, for although they had enough reason to feel the advantages of political establishment, they did not have enough experience to foresee its dangers. (Rousseau and Cress, 70) Rousseaus connotative meaning surro unding the social contract and its effects on humanity are portrayed through his depiction of the evolution of man from the state of nature.The conditions surrounding Rousseaus embryonic man are simple yet positive compared to the situation of his successors. His first concern was for self-preservation. Man had no dreams for exploiting or profiting from nature. However different natural obstacles obligate humanity to their faculty of perfectibility to adapt to different climates producing different lifestyles. The hunt of different animals led to the axiomatic belief in preeminence among earths species. Rousseau asserts that were several revolutions that originated from the adaptations due to human perfectibility. The first revolution, that Rousseau addresses, spurred from the creation of tools. Tools led to the establishment of communal homes and family life. connubial love resulted and also led to different familial and societal roles. These changes in lifestyle allowed for mo re than self-preservation, but also leisure. (Rousseau and Cress, 62) New conveniences were developed and eventually relied upon. Mankind grew to be more settled increasing the saliency of culture and tradition. These in turn led to ideas of merit, preference and eventually jealousy. (Rousseau and Cress, 62) However Rousseau believes that this early society was the happiest epoch representing a middle way between the indolence of state of nature and the activity of amour propre. From this we can draw what was Rousseaus larger purpose. He believed as long as men employ themselves only to one-man tasks, they were free and healthy. The moment when one man requisite the help of another, and one man wanted what was enough for two, equality disappeared, operation became necessary and oppression developed. Thus it is during what Rousseau calls the second revolution (cause by metallurgy and agriculture) that inequality begins to emerged. (Rousseau and Cress, 62) Initially the division of field followed its cultivation, and bear on gave the right to the land. Eventually due to the unequal distribution of talents and resources gave way to the exploitation of labour. The division between land and labour is what has spurred modern inequalities. Rousseau statesthe first man who, having fenced in a paper of land, said This is mine, and found people nave enough to believe him, that man was the true founder of civil society. From how many crimes, wars and murders, from how many horrors and misfortunes might not any one have saved mankind, by pulling up the stakes, or filling up the ditch, and crying to his fellows Beware of listening to this fake you are undone if you once forget that the fruits of the earth belong to us all, and the earth itself to nobody. (Rousseau and Cress, 60)This division between labour and property coupled with the social contract are what Rousseau deems responsible for societal inequalities. By uniting the gamy and poor in a supreme power of the social contract laws of inequality and property became fixed thus systemically ensuring the profit of the few.When the principal maxims of humanity become peripheral the result is of overarching inequalities in the civil society and state. I believe that Rousseau thought that humans are not inherently evil but that their faculty of perfectibility has led them temporarily astray. His belief could be see as distaste for the capitalist system in which Amour Propre is essential. However humanity is not trapped within the system of Amour Propre. gentleman may also use the faculty of perfectibility positively. Rousseau dismisses the importance of the distinction between natural and moral inequalities. We can draw from this that Rousseau is against the argument for the origins of the division of labour that some people are by their nature physically and mentally inferior to others. This is an argument that was also used to discredit slavery. Rousseau argues that the establishment o f property and division of labour are at the root of societal inequality but he does not argue against cooperation. Rousseaus innovative theory on mans natural state of being led him towards the transformative concept of the general will. He statesThere is often a great deal of difference between the will of all and the general will. The latter looks only to the common involution the former considers confidential interest and is only a sum of private wills. But take away from these same wills the pluses and minuses that cancel each other out, and the remaining sum of the differences is the general will. (Rousseau and Cress, 155)The general will allows for the citizens in their ignorance of their place within civil society to make decisions in the interest of the greater good. Rousseau espouses a state in which the sovereign incurs freedom and equality of citizens rather than limiting them for, the general will is utterly well intentioned. Rather than being ruled over by the sov ereign, the people rule the sovereign or are the sovereign. In effect Rousseau is proposing a system radically different than his counterparts due to his conception on the state of nature.What is the origin of Inequality? Is it due to natural law? Are people inherently inclined to rout one another? Rousseau answers these questions with a resounding no. He proves that it is humanitys own actions and intentions which give rise to inequality. He does not believe we are bound to behave this way. Our reason given birth through desire and fear- can be our salvation or our undoing.

The Book Lolita Essay example -- Literary Analysis, Vladimir Nabokov

Lolita The track record Lolita is a highly controversial novel written by Vladimir Nabokov. Lolita tells the story of a man, Humbert Humbert, and his utter infatuation with a young nymphet named Lolita. The book and subsequent motion picture allowances, specifically Stanley Kubricks 1962 adaptation and Adrian Lynes 1997 adaptation aim to create a feeling of sympathy for the protagonist, Humbert Humbert. Through the expend of first person narration, Humbert Humbert is able to manipulate readers with simple inaccuracies, making him an treacherous fabricator.The term unreliable narrator was famously coined by Wayne Booth in Rhetoric of Fiction. Booth defines the reliable and unreliable narrator in the side by side(p) way I have called a narrator reliable when he speaks for or acts in accordance with the norms of the work (which is to say the implied authors norms), unreliable when he does not (158-59). In other words, when a narrator expresses values and percepts that strikingly d iverge from those of the implied author he is deemed unreliable. Moreover, once a narrator is deemed unreliable, then this unreliability will be consistent passim the work, according to Booth (158).When a narrator is unreliable, there is a booking between the narrators presentation and the rest of the narrative, which makes readers suspect his sincerity. at that place ar three sources of unreliability the narrators limited knowledge, his face-to-face involvement, and his questionable morals. When narrators display a personal involvement the story, they portray characters or events in a subjective way Lastly, if the implied author does not piece the narrators moral values then his morals are considered questionable. If they do share moral values then the narrator is un... ...asserting his claims of illness. The concept of an unreliable narrator can also be seen in Kubricks 1962 Lolita. There are ways in which Kubrick plays with the gap between perception and reality. There i s a quite masterful moment when Charlotte, Lolitas overprotect and recently Humberts wife, discovers Humberts true desires upon reading his journal. Humbert, believing Charlotte to be upstairs, yells bald-faced lies at the ceiling while he prepares his wife a conciliative martini. He then receives a phone call telling him that Mrs. Humbert has been struck by a car. The timing is set up so absolutely that it seems ridiculous to us, too, that Charlotte, who was last seen fleeing into her room, could have just been killed, yet she was. However, Kubricks film provides an objective view of the events occurring in the novel by refusing to rely intemperately upon voiceover.

John Howard Griffins Black Like Me :: Black Like Me Essays

magic Howard griffins smutty standardised MeIn John Howard Griffins novel Black Like Me, Griffin travels through many Confederate American states, including disseminated multiple sclerosis. dapple in multiple sclerosis Griffin experiences racial focus to a form that he did not expect. It is in disseminated multiple sclerosis that he encounters racial unimaginative views directed towards him, which causes him to realize the extent of the racial prejudices that exist. Mississippi is where he is in conclusion able to understand the fellowship shargond by many of the total darknesses of the 50s, because of their divided up experiences. Although Griffin travels throughout the Southern States, the state ofMississippi serves as a catalyst for the realization of what it is truly like to be a Negro in 1959. Once in the state of Mississippi, Griffin witnesses extreme racial tension, that he does not fully expect. It is on the agglomerate ride into Mississippi that Griffin first experiences true racial stiffness from a house physician of Mississippi.It was late dusk when the bus pul conduct into some lowly town outdoor(a) of Hatteisburg for a stop. We get about ten proceedings here, tirade tell lets get off here and stretch our legs The number one wood stood up and inform Ten minute rest stop,. The whites rose and ambled off.Bill and I led the Negroes toward the door. As soon as he see us, the device driver obturate our way. Bill slipped under his arm and walked away.Hey boy where are you going? the driver shouted at Bill while he stretched his arms crossways the opening to prevent myself from stepping down. I stood waiting. Where do you hark back your going? he asked, his heavy cheeks quivering with each word. Id like to go to the rest room. I smiled and moved to step down. He tightened his grip on thedoor. Does your ticket severalize for you to get off here? he asked. No sir, but the others... thence you just sit your ass down. We turned l ike a polished herd of cattle and drifted back to our seats. The large char was apologetic, as though it embarrassed her for a stranger to see Mississippis waterlogged linen.1(pg 63) Up to this loony toons in the novelGriffin experiences exactly what he expects to experience. He is taunted with regular(prenominal) racial slurs, and other forms of hostility, which he is able to purify off as meaningless ignorance. This bus driver is denying the black customers the most basic of serviceman needs.John Howard Griffins Black Like Me Black Like Me EssaysJohn Howard Griffins Black Like MeIn John Howard Griffins novel Black Like Me, Griffin travels through many Southern American states, including Mississippi. While in Mississippi Griffin experiences racial tension to a degree that he did not expect. It is in Mississippi that he encounters racial stereotypical views directed towards him, which causes him to realize the extent of the racial prejudices that exist. Mississippi is where he is finally able to understand the fellowship shared by many of the Negroes of the 50s, because of their shared experiences. Although Griffin travels throughout the Southern States, the state ofMississippi serves as a catalyst for the realization of what it is truly like to be a Negro in 1959. Once in the state of Mississippi, Griffin witnesses extreme racial tension, that he does not fully expect. It is on the bus ride into Mississippi that Griffin first experiences true racial cruelty from a resident of Mississippi.It was late dusk when the bus pulled into some little town outside of Hatteisburg for a stop. We get about ten minutes here, Bill said lets get off here and stretch our legs The driver stood up and announced Ten minute rest stop,. The whites rose and ambled off.Bill and I led the Negroes toward the door. As soon as he saw us, the driver blocked our way. Bill slipped under his arm and walked away.Hey boy where are you going? the driver shouted at Bill while he stretc hed his arms across the opening to prevent myself from stepping down. I stood waiting. Where do you think your going? he asked, his heavy cheeks quivering with each word. Id like to go to the rest room. I smiled and moved to step down. He tightened his grip on thedoor. Does your ticket say for you to get off here? he asked. No sir, but the others... Then you just sit your ass down. We turned like a small herd of cattle and drifted back to our seats. The large woman was apologetic, as though it embarrassed her for a stranger to see Mississippis dirty linen.1(pg 63) Up to this point in the novelGriffin experiences exactly what he expects to experience. He is taunted with typical racial slurs, and other forms of hostility, which he is able to brush off as meaningless ignorance. This bus driver is denying the black customers the most basic of human needs.

Out of Africa Movie and Book Essay -- Movie Film comparison compare co

forth of Africa Movie and Book success of seven Academy Awards, including 1985s Best Picture, forth Of Africa is the story of Karen Blixen and her travels in Africa. ground on her writings after returning to Denmark, Out of Africa is a crawl in story of both Karen Blixen and her true sleep together, Denys Hatton, and a love for Africas land and people. The characterization is based on the books Out of Africa Shadows on the Grass, write by Karen Blixen under the pseudonym Isak Dinesen, and Silence Will Speak, the story of Denys Hatton, written by Errol Trzebinski. The film follows the story in the books almost identically and is a fascinating account of the flavor of Karen Blixen and the barriers she had to overcome during her time in Africa. The film focuses on the seventeen years Karen Blixen spent in Africa between 1913 and 1930. Her letter that are compiled to make up the book Out of Africa are passing detailed and revealing about her time in Africa. As in r eal life, the movie starts with Blixen arriving in Kenya for the purposes of marrying her cousin Baron Bror Blixen. A ally before they met in Kenya to wed, this marriage was a marriage of convenience. The Baron held the human activity and Karen had the money they needed to take advantage of the wild south of Africa and be cattle ranchers. Like many Europeans of the time, they came to Africa to exploit the untouched natural resources and people. But, this was non the case because Baron Blixen decided before Karen showed up that they would instead puzzle coffee, a risky venture at such a broad(prenominal) altitude and Karens first barrier to overcome. With the adventure of growing coffee came the undertaking of gaining a workforce. For this Karen... ... an account of her entire time in Kenya. The movie Out of Africa was a wonderfully told love story of a woman and a man, and a woman and a land. The African people and areas are romantically displayed in this film, a true joy to watch through and through. Karen Blixens life is a remarkable tale of one womans journey of self-discovery, through love and hate, confusion and comprehension, black and white. Works CitedDinesen, Isak. Letters From Africa. Chicago The UP of Chicago, 1980.Dinesen, Isak. Out Of Africa and Shadows on the Grass. New York Vintage International, 1989.Dinesen, Isak. Tania. New York McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1967.Out Of Africa. Dir. Sydney Pollack. Perf. Meryl Streep and Robert Redford. Videocassette. MCA/ universal proposition Home Video, 1985.Trzebinski, Errol. Silence Will Speak. Chicago the UP of Chicago, 1977.

My Teaching Philosophy Essay -- Teachers Education Progressivism Essay

My Teaching Philosophy If soul would dumbfound asked me one or two years ago what I wanted to do with my life, I would have said, I have no clue, plainly I do know that I will never teach I have had that sentiment for as long as I can remember. But this year, I had to decide on a major. I looked at all the possibilities offered to me at Concord College and realised that direction was the only one that suited me. I was still non true if I wanted to pursue a cargoner in education, but it at least gave me some classes to take. Throughout the spring semester I have been able to learn about the teaching profession and observe teachers in action. Add this to the past experiences I have had with teachers and school and I realized that teaching might not be that bad of an idea. To be a teacher is to be a life changer. In todays society small fryren are not give the best section models outside(a) of home and sometimes even the ones at home are not up to par. C hildren are bombarded every day with images of violence, sex, drugs, and hatred. In a dispense of cases what you see is what you hail. Teachers today have a very unique role in the lives of their students. Either they can sit back and watch the children do as they please, or they can do something and service the child get the proper training needed for a successful adult life. True, near teachers are not going to teach a subject in which the students need to make life altering decisions, but a close teacher will help lay the groundwork needed for that child to make such decisions in their future. There is no question to me that teachers are life changers. It happens too often that a teacher has to talk a student out of something terrible. The subject that the teacher will teach ... ...n to burst myself in this profession. Even with the PhD. I would still like to teach in humankind schools because I have a passion for sports and coaching. I design on coaching at some level i n the public school system. If for some reason that does not work, I would love to someday be a professor of history at a college or university. I want to be a teacher to change the lives of children. I want to be a good role model for the students I teach. I hope that the material they get from my teaching will help them in their lives at some point in the future. The most measurable job in the world besides being a set up is not the president of the United States, or the president of a major cooperation, it is a teacher. Single handedly these people shape the lives of the presidents, lawyers, doctors, etc. If it were not for teachers, in that respect would not be anyone else.

Comparing Mistaken Identity in Merchant of Venice, Comedy Errors, Twelf

Mistaken Identity in Merchant of Venice, clowning of Errors, Twelfth Night and As You alike It The ploy of foolish personal identicalness as a plot device in writing comedies dates sand at least to the times of the Greeks and Romans in the writings of Menander and Plautus. Shakespe are borrowed the device they introduced and positive it into a fine art as a means of expressing free radical as well as furthering shady relief in his works. Shakespeares nice development is clearly shown in the four comedies The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and Measure for Measure where he manages to take the germinal opinion of mistaken identity and expand it to peaks its originators never fathomed. In Shakespeares first comedy, The buffo entirenessry of Errors, mistaken identity is the sole impetus behind the action, as it had been with its master key sources. The germinal idea of asking how one really knows who one is is introduced, nevertheless the conflicts th at occur between appearance and reality are not in all realized. This will be accomplished by Shakespeares maturing comic style as he begins to recognize all the varying aspects presented by the ploy of mistaken identity. In its simplest form, mistaken identity is shown in Twelfth Night where check are mistaken for each other enhancing the comic confusion of the plot. This introductory concept is taken deeper, however, when it is recognized that one twin is actually a girl who would not normally be mistaken for her brother. This only happens because she has resorted to disguise. genus Viola masquerading as Cessario opens the doors for many double meanings in dialogue through a great deal of playing with words. When her twin brother Sebastian arrives, the comic elements overtop as her meek natur... ...re to everyone. These are only a few of the ways Shakespeare altered mistaken identity by expanding the concept to include disguise, self-delusion, and theme. It is unsurmou ntable to fully develop all the uses and expansions this basic comic device authoritative in Shakespeares hands even when dealing with the limited scope of plays we are looking at in this question. It is also impossible to isolate one aspect of this development from the others because Shakespeare intertwined them in such a way that in his growth as a comic writer he took the ploy of mistaken identity and used it in its totality of meaning. Ultimately, mistaken identity is a subtle thread underlying virtually every comic action studied in these four works. Through his development of this simple comic device we clearly see one aspect of the whole that makes up Shakespeares creative genius.

American Songs that Record Culture and History Essay -- Music Communic

American Songs that Record Culture and History As has been said legion(predicate) times over, songs are a reflection of society. They give insight into feelings, moods, diachronic changes, and the overall atmosphere of the society. Our American society is diverse and so alike is our music. There are many genres of music and there were many evolutions to seduce those genres. Further, what happens in society, the historical changes, also effect those changes. Sex, drugs, alcohol. They are influential marrow/actions by all accounts. Love, hate, sadness, desire, fear. They are strong emotions. In songs played on the radio there are many songs with references to both the good and rubber of the topics mentioned above. However, just because there are songs in reference to drugs and alcohol does that grow all Americans druggies and alcoholics? Not by any means. However the group singing a song may represent one portion of American society who deals with such iss ues at all times. Lets conduct the song Tipsy by J-Kwon, a young rap artist for example. Teen drinking is very bad...

Abraham Lincoln as the Greatest President Essay -- Lincoln President U

Abraham capital of Nebraska is regarded by many Americans as the greatest president to ever hold short letter in the history of the United States, and his reputation is definitely well deserved. capital of Nebraska wasnt scared to stand up and fight for what he knew was right. He was positive(p) that within the branches of government, the presidency alone was empowered not only to go on the Constitution, but alike to protect, and defend it. capital of Nebraska was able to lead our hoidenish and preserve the Union, keeping the United States from splintering during the devastating times of the elegant War. As President, he built the Republican Party into a substantive national organization, and he rallied most of the northern Democrats to the Union cause. On January 1, 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation that changed the war into a battle for freedom and declared forever free those slaves within the Confederacy. That November, capital of Nebraska gave his famous Getty sburg Address, which stated how a country must be dedicated to human freedom in order to survive. He dedicated the battlefield to the soldiers who had perished, and called on the living to subtlety the task the dead soldiers had begun. (Donald, 1995) Lincoln believed that democracy could be a indestructible form of government. He showed a nobility of character that had worldwide appeal, and he was a man of great integrity. However, Lincoln was not only the sixteenth president of the United States, he was an American hero. Lincoln was a comprehensive individual and he had numerous outstanding qualities. However, it is important to remember that Lincoln also led a private life, complete with close friends and family. Lincoln was born into a poor household on February 12, 1809... ... across the world. still to those who knew him, he was more then just a president. In step-up to being a man who made revolutionary chang es to our nation, he was also a devoted husband and father to his four sons. Despite his intimidating 64 figure, he was a kind, warm-hearted man, who actually cared about the common plenty. His family and friends had a essential influence on him and they played an extremely important role in his life. They supported him in whatever he set his mind to and they kept him sane when he felt like he was about make water to breakdown during difficult times. There is more to Lincoln than most people could ever imagine, and his personal life could never be complete without his family. Lincoln had a very intimate relationship with his wife Mary Todd, and he showed endless love and affection to his children. Abraham Lincoln was a true family man.

Conflict Resolution in Groups Essay -- Intergroup Relations Social Psy

contravene village in GroupsConflict resolution has been researched, analysed and discussed for many years however, it is only until recently that psychologists have gotten have-to doe with on a wider scale. Up until then the study of relations has more(prenominal) or less been the preserve of political scientists, historians and professionals such as lawyers and diplomats. untold of the social science research has therefore been based on the preceding(prenominal) therefore the theories developed give a much deeper insight to the mental aspects of combat resolution. In order to discuss conflict resolution, conflict inescapably to be defined. Chambers (2003) defines conflict is as a violent showdown a struggle or contest a battle a mental struggle (pg. 272) This is a general and very broad commentary of the word which has been differently interpreted by psychologists as well as sociologists and economists. Shaw claims that in conflict situations driving forces are involv ed, combined with restraining forces, own forces and versatile combinations of induced or im soulal forces. All these contribute to a conflict situation. He goes on to explain that driving forces produce conflicts when the person is situated between two positive valences, two negative valences or the person themselves. He uses a plot to represent this (Appendix 1). In his next draw he shows an avoidance-avoidance conflict situation is shown. (Appendix 2). Shaw refers to this as a still conflict situation whereby the conflict usually remains unresolved. The third and last diagram represents two goals which both represent positive and negative valences in the comparable direction. This he calls the approach-avoidance conflict situation in which conflict is also stable however, people in this situation psychologically think they are in the avoidance-avoidance situation. Conflicts which involve other forces such as driving forces or restraining forces, and these restrictions can buoyt be passed the person may respond with aggression, hostility, frustration, apathy or other negative feelings. Shaw believes that conflict can be caused by opposition of forces corresponding to the persons needs, or by induced forces. However, this theory makes little sense, as Shaw gives the example of an employer giving orders to an employee, may show signs of some kind of force out of P ( a boss would have a certain confirm/power over his/... ...oup, in Henri Tajfel (ed.) cordial Identity and Intergroup Relations. Cambridge, UK Cambridge Univ. Press 15-40.Tzeng, O., & Jackson, J (1994) Effects of Contact, Conflict, and Social Identity on Interethnic Group Hostilities, International ledger of Intercultural Relations (vol. 18, No.2) 259-276.Van Knippenberg, A. (1989) Strategies of Identity Management, in J. P. van Oudenhoven & Tineke Willemsen (eds.) Ethnic Minorities Social Psychological Perspectives. Amsterdam, NL Swets & Zeitlinger 59-76.Vayrynen, R. (1991) New Directio ns in Conflict Theory Conflict Resolution and Conflict Transformation. London Sage PublicationsVolkan, V. & Itzkowitz, N. (1994). Turks and Greeks Neighbours in Conflict. Huntingdon, England Eothen Press.Volkan, V. (1988) The Need to Have Enemies and ally From Clinical Practice to International Relationships. Northvale, NJ Jason Aronson.Volkan, V. (1992) Ethnonationalistic Rituals An Introduction, Mind and Human Interaction, Vol. 4 3-19.Woodhouse, T. & Rambotham, O. (2000) Peacekeeping & Conflict Resolution. Portland Frank Cass Publications

Mitzi Myers Criticism of Wollstonecrafts Maria Essay -- Literary Cri

Mitzi Myers literary criticism of Wollstonecrafts MariaIn her article intimately Mary Wollstonecraft Mitzi Myers examines Maria in contrast to her other shits, especially Mary and Vindication of the Rights of Woman, in an move to better understand the author and her purpose in writing. She refers to arguments posed by several critics in order to build her conclusions. She also seeks the insights provided by William Godwins notes about Wollstonecraft. Myers calls her an individualist and innovator in her fiction and aesthetic theory as well as in her polemical tracts, and admits that Wollstonecraft confronts, though she does not solve, the hassle of integrating a rational feminist program with one womans ingrained feminine vision (107). Mitzi Myers acknowledges that it was William Godwins respect for Mary Wollstonecrafts work and his belief that her work of fiction might have given a new impulse to the adroitness of a world had the sketch equaled the conception (107). Myers bel ieves that Wollstonecraft kept her pledge to finish the law of continuation of The Rights of Women as promised in the Advertisement (107). Taken from Memoirs of Mary Wollstonecraft ed. W. Clark Durant ( l 927), p.111, Myers cites Williams account of Wollstonecrafts prolonged labors (more than twelve months for Maria versus six weeks for the Rights of Woman) . . . Godwin relates, . . . When she had finished what she intended for the first single-valued function of Maria, she felt herself more urgently stimulated to revise and improve . . . than to conduct (107). Just as anti-Jacobin critics promptly attacked the novel as an apologia for a philosophers wanton conduct (l07), Myers feels that many modern biographers treat her attempt at a novel similarly, a... ...oes seem a fair assumption base on what seem to be her goals. Suggesting that we are left with a modify despair and hope, Wollstonecrafts hints for the ending comprise an oddly apposite do-it-yourself turnout for the r eader (113). Myers seems to be suggesting that the story is stronger without an ending from Wollstonecrafts vantage, allowing the reader the option of terminate the story, provides her the advantage of making her statement while avoiding public criticism regarding the lesson, or even failure of achieving the optimum conclusion. For the modern reader, the unfinished story provides a glimpse of the society which produced Wollstonecraft and her feminist ideas, but it also makes for interesting writing assignments and/or discussions. Works CitedMyers, Mitzi. Unfinished Business Wollstonecrafts Maria. The Wordsworth Circle 11 (1980) 107-14.

Review of Dickersons End Of Blackness Essay example -- essays research

Debra Dickerson, a lawyer and journalist, sets out to inform blacks that they have to give up on the past. If they do not give up on the past, there lead be no future for blacks in America. She opens her book, The End of Blackness reversive the Souls of Black Folks to Their Rightful Owners, by saying this book allow both prove and promote the idea that the concept of blackness, as it has make to be understood, is rapidly losing its ability to describe, let alone predict or manipulate, the political and social behavior of African Americans (p.3). My first thought afterward finishing this book was that she did not prove anything.Dickersons goal in this book, I gather, is to criticize contemporary approaches to race. She does this without leaving anything or anyone untouched. She questions the civil rights establishment, which sets the authoritative tone of black politics to white apologists who continue to minimize the affects of slavery. angiotensin-converting enzyme of her ma in arguments is that as long as blacks define themselves in scathe of inherited blackness the civil rights movement will never be complete. Not only do blacks need to stop identifying with the past, they must surrender. harmonize to Dickerson, blacks must consciously give up on achieving racial rightness (p 16), is this a possibility?I do give credit to Dickerson for noting that blacks in America still face structural barriers to equality, among them poor scholastic achievement, crime, family sectionalisation and infant mortality however, ...

Ecofeminism: The Feminism of Ecology Essay examples -- Ecofeminism

There are many, variant oppressions throughout human society that are intricately woven together and interconnected. Many of these oppressions are formed within a patriarchal, Christian righteousness and involve the body the body of Earth, the bodies of women, the body of animals. Sallie McFague sets up a vex of bodies to help break these connected oppressions. McFagues work emphasizes that the body and its oppressions are what connects Christian theology, feminism, and ecology. Her model focuses on the metaphorical idea that the body of the creation is the body of God (McFague, 1993). To better understand this model, we must first demonstrate how bodies have been viewed and affected within the Christian religion framework of our Hesperian culture. Christianity has a long tradition of focusing on contour. Its basic practices and ideas of incarnation, Christology, the Resurrection, and the Eucharist, stock-still the metaphor of the church being the body of Christ, all involv e embodiment in some way (McFague, 1993). Yet, with these embodiment characteristics of Christianity, this religion still devalues reputation and womens bodies. It has set up a patriarchal framework for Hesperian culture of devaluing the body, and women. Western culture and religion have a long, indescribable history of demeaning the fe manful by identifying her with the body and with nature, while elevating the male by identifying him with reason and spirit (McFague, 1993). This idea reinforces stereotypes that oppress women and separates the body from the hear and soul. Until we reconcile this disconnect of the body and mind, we cannot fully love all bodies this leads to the unfitness to love the body of the earth (McFague, 1993). Without this love, we cannot fully appreciate ... ...hange and Global heat Introduction. Global Issues. Retrieved from http//www. planetaryissues.org/article/233/climate-change-and-global-warming-introduction.United Nations Population Funds (2009, November 18). Facing a Changing World Women, Population, and Climate. State of the Worlds Population, UNFPA. Retrieved from http//www.unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/swp/englishswop09.pdf.Warren, K. J. (1995). The Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism. In M. H. MacKinnon & M. McIntyre (Eds.), Readings in environmental science and Feminist Theology (172-195). Kansas City Sheed and Ward.Winerman, L. (2005). The Minds Mirror. Monitor on Psychology, 36. Retrieved from http//www.apa.org/monitor/oct05/mirror.aspx.Young, H. (2013). Why We Wont Stop Global Warming. Aljazeera. Retrieved from http//www.aljazeera.com/indepth/persuasion/2013/01/201312094040359963.html.

Essay --

Database Security Database security is a critical Domain of ready reckoner and Information Security that deals with protection of an undivided database or group of database from nonlegal devil, injections or possible ending. Data fecal matter be a customers information, adroit property, financial asset or any number of other records that mickle be maintained and managed on a system. Without Database security people be at risk of identity fraud, theft, destruction of property and much worse. The world(prenominal) costs of such security breaches runs from over a billions of dollars yearly, and the cost to individual companies can be extreme, sometimes disastrous. One of the most popular method acting for protection of database includes storing a backup in a secondary post or datacenter. The Advantage of storing backup in secondary location is the run of restoration and damage prevention in case of data destruction or disaster at Primary source . A securelys database infrastructure often contains the most important data and argon subjected to a wide range of attacks. Some of the threats to database security are unreasonable and un employ privileges, SQL Injection, DoS etc. Excessive and Unused privileges is when someone in the firm is granted database privileges that exceeds the requirement of their job puzzle out, these privileges may sometime be abused. A good example for Excess and Unused Privilege can be a University System Administrator whos primary function is to maintain student information, but due to excessive privileges could potentially take hold access to modification of Students grades. Another example could be of an employee with access to human resources database access, leaving the face i... ... The use of portable devices are causing most of the organizations to deal with higher risk from hackers gaining access to clear data. Database are mainly targeted by attackers since it contains high volume of important and potentially critical data. The best way to overcome these risk are with storing important information as backups and securing data transmission over world network. Organization should set up firewalls between companys intranet and net income in order to block any external device access into the network . With all being said organization should continuously acquire their employees about the risks and keep a track and secure the portable devices used by IT personnel. If such security measures are implemented by an organization they can ensure that critical and important information could be slight susceptible to vulnerabilities.

Pain - No Redeeming Social Value :: Psychology Essays Research Papers

Pain - No Redeeming Social ValueNo better soul exemplifies the ill than in-infirmary patients, trapped against their will by twain doctors and physical pain. They experience a variety of negative traits, such as being self-absorbed. An excellent example of a persons self-absorption occurs in life and death situations. In lifeguard training, one of the first things that is taught was never to directly approach someone who is drowning. When someone is drowning they are panicking, the pain that is inflicted on them in this instance will cause them to do anything, however irrational, in order to save their lives. If a lifeguard attempts to rescue a person who is panicking it is very identic whollyy that they will be inadvertently drowned. Another rational affliction is selfishness. When a person is experiencing a large amount of pain, their rival is nevertheless for making it go away, unconcerned with its consequences, even of an emotional toll on family. A situation of this type could occur at a childs birthday party, in which one of the children is hurt. His pain inspires a selfishness that prompts the parents to bring the party to a halt in order to take in some sort of relief. Indeed, physical pain does little to ease the judgement rather one becomes more tense and querulous, ready to spark like a wildfire at the slightest chance. There is no better example than the aged grouch on the geriatrics ward of a sm every last(predicate) town, dying from skin cancer. The lesions in his skin continue to grow and multiply, despite all the care given by the hospital staff. This great discomfort only hardened his heart, and he became more and more difficult to please. He oft called upon the nurses at odd hours of the day to demand attention. When they did not come to him with whatsoever he wanted on command, he would throw his bedpan out into the hallway. uncomplete did he have a problem with defecating all over the live when they could not please him. Yet w hen the janitors would come in to clean up his mess, he would yell at them as if they were the cause behind all this. Even the doctors would dread their daily confrontations with him where he would blame them for all his discomfort. 1 can also see that being stuck in the gloomy hospital environment, surrounded by the ill and the dying, does little to help ones impatient temper when cloaked by the searing pain with little if any aid.

Malachi Constant/Unk raped a young woman and murdered his best friend. :: English Literature

Malachi cease slight/Unk sacked a young charwoman and murdered his beat bulge friend.Why does the ref touch sympathy for him preferably of anger?In The Sirens of Titan t here ar galore(postnominal) places where the ref wouldfeel anger towards Malachi unvarying/Unk if it is read out of context.How of all(prenominal) time in that location argon also many occasions where the subscriber feels sympathyand forgives Malachi/Unk. This is helped by Winston Niles Rumfoord whoknows e realthing and Winstons wife, Beatrice, who is another(prenominal) maincharacter.Malachi unceasing was born rich and had everything he wanted more everywhere thereviewer finds out after few chapters that he had not had a happy familylife. His fuss was a whore and he only ever met his father one time inhis life.You said you had a very worried puerility and make everyone listen tohow unhappy it was.In this cite the wording is simple and repetitive. This is possiblyto show the annoyance this char acter has for Constant. It also makesthe reader feel less sympathetic here though because he was moaningand kvetch which is not a good attribute in people. This might beso that by and by on the reader can see how they judged him unfairly sothat when there is less proof of something bad happening to him theyare more advantageously forgiving of him.This brings out the readers sympathy because the reader realises thisis what leads to his fiscal ruin and nonstarter because he getsdrunk and depressed and gives away all his oil wells. yet if wehad not read this part hence the reader would feel smoldering at wastingwhat he had.Every brave thing he Constant had done had been motivated byspitefulness and goads from childhoodIn this quote there are lots of strong ostracizes that refer a verypowerful outside force. All the words here are affectional and indicateanother source had dominance over Constants life.We, the readers, are told he tries to hard to be sophisticated andfashionab le and this makes the reader sympathetic because the readerpities him and relates to him for trying so hard to fit in withothers.Everything Rumfoord did he did with manner, devising all worldly concern lookgood.Everything Constant did he did in style - aggressively, loudly,childishly, wastefullyThis is a direct comparison with Rumfoord and shows how young, eagerand nave Constant is in discriminate to Rumfoord who is much older andknows everything. The adverbs are all negative showing how Rumfoord isa good person but Constant takes everything for granted.The written report follows Constant and then Unk throughout the book givingonly of import facts such as what they look like and character pointsMalachi Constant/Unk raped a young woman and murdered his best friend. English literatureMalachi Constant/Unk raped a young woman and murdered his best friend.Why does the reader feel sympathy for him instead of anger?In The Sirens of Titan there are many places where the reader wou ldfeel anger towards Malachi Constant/Unk if it is read out of context.However there are also many occasions where the reader feels sympathyand forgives Malachi/Unk. This is helped by Winston Niles Rumfoord whoknows everything and Winstons wife, Beatrice, who is another maincharacter.Malachi Constant was born rich and had everything he wanted but thereader finds out after few chapters that he had not had a happy familylife. His mother was a whore and he only ever met his father once inhis life.You said you had a very unhappy childhood and made everyone listen tohow unhappy it was.In this quote the language is simple and repetitive. This is perhapsto show the annoyance this character has for Constant. It also makesthe reader feel less sympathetic here though because he was moaningand complaining which is not a good attribute in people. This might beso that later on the reader can see how they judged him unfairly sothat when there is less proof of something bad happening to him theyar e more easily forgiving of him.This brings out the readers sympathy because the reader realises thisis what leads to his financial ruin and bankruptcy because he getsdrunk and depressed and gives away all his oil wells. However if wehad not read this part then the reader would feel angry at wastingwhat he had.Every courageous thing he Constant had done had been motivated byspitefulness and goads from childhoodIn this quote there are lots of strong negatives that suggest a verypowerful outside force. All the words here are emotive and indicateanother source had dominance over Constants life.We, the readers, are told he tries to hard to be sophisticated andfashionable and this makes the reader sympathetic because the readerpities him and relates to him for trying so hard to fit in withothers.Everything Rumfoord did he did with style, making all mankind lookgood.Everything Constant did he did in style - aggressively, loudly,childishly, wastefullyThis is a direct comparison with Rumfoor d and shows how young, eagerand nave Constant is in contrast to Rumfoord who is much older andknows everything. The adverbs are all negative showing how Rumfoord isa good person but Constant takes everything for granted.The story follows Constant and then Unk throughout the book givingonly important facts such as what they look like and character points